Background: A short version of the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale comprising only re-experiencing symptom items has been recently validated on Japanese adults. This short-version-PDS had good psychometric properties among Japanese adults with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally validate the short-version-PDS for the Brazilian sociolinguistic context.Methods: A translation of the short-version-PDS was performed based on established guidelines. We enrolled 53 patients with PTSD as a potential comorbidity. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of (...) the short-version-PDS included forward and back-translation by a Japanese Brazilian researcher and a certified translator; synthesis was achieved by consensus, backward translation, pilot test, and finalization. Content validity coefficient was used to assess quality of adaptation. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Spearman correlations were between the new short-version-PDS and the Brazilian version of the posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5, and a receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the best cut-off values for the short-version-PDS.Results: The short-version-PDS was well accepted by all subjects, none of the questions were experienced as inappropriate, and all questions of the 3 items were judged important. Item 1 presented CVCt = 0.92; item 2 had a CVCt = 0.87 and item 3 had a CVCt = 0.95. The internal consistency of the final version as measured by Cronbach's alpha was 0.78. The short-version-PDS scale correlated positively with the DSM-5 scale with a Spearman rho of 0.64 (95%CI [0.4-0.8], p 31.0 with sensitivity and specificity are 86.4 and 93.5%, respectively.Conclusions: This Brazilian Portuguese version of the short-version-PDS had good psychometric properties among Brazilian adults with and without PTSD. Transferability and generalizability of the cut-off scores should be further analyzed. (shrink)

African philosophy, as a negritude, is a moment in the postcolonial critique of European/Western colonialism and the bodies of knowledge that sustained it. Yet a critical analysis of its' original articulations reveals the limits of this critique and more broadly of postcolonial studies, while also pointing towards more radical theoretical possibilities within African philosophy. Jean-Paul Sartre's essay 'Black Orpheus', a philosophical appropriation of negritude poetry, serves as a guide for this reflection, for the text reveals the inspiration and wealth of (...) expressions of negritude, as well as their ambiguity. Sartre's essay however also renders possible a further act of re-appropriation that takes us beyond culture and identity-centred readings of African philosophy and postcolonialism, readings whose conceptual and critical potential is far greater than what has hitherto been explored. (shrink)

The article tackles the problem of studying diachronic semantic changes of modal markers in Latin. It proposes to do so by using context as a proxy for tracing the development of otherwise unchanging forms. In the first part, the main theoretical positions in modality studies are presented, especially the notions of deontic modality, epistemic modality, and pathways of modality. In the second part, Heine’s model for studying the role of context in language change is presented and applied to the modal (...) verb licet. In the case study of licet, an attempt is made to identify the so-called switch context which co-creates the conditions necessary for the semantic change. (shrink)

Nos escritos kantianos sobre o tema da educação (Erziehung), podemos perceber que o filósofo refere-se ao processo educativo de diversos modos, seja como sendo uma arte de educar (Erziehungskunst), como formação (Bildung), como doutrina da educação (Erziehungslehre) ou como sendo uma ideia (Idee). Essa multiplicidade de noções não é de modo algum arbitrária, mas cada uma se relaciona entre si e tem como ponto fulcral o conceito de educação como uma ideia, isto é, um conceito da razão que seja a (...) medida do que se pretende, assim como a condição de possibilidade da própria experiência educativa. Sendo, desse modo, para todos os casos, um máximo como medida em consideração a outras grandezas menores. Na recomposição do conceito de educação, a ideia é o princípio regulador da teoria ou da doutrina da educação, a arte certamente é a habilidade que desenvolverá in concreto o que foi raciocinado no cânon doutrinal. Isso posto, a educação, enquanto ideia, assume a função reguladora da perseguição de fins, sendo ela o fim da doutrina da educação e, para a arte de educar, isto é, para a pedagogia (Pädagogik), ela é o máximo grau de perfeição a que se deve comparar a educação do tempo presente. (shrink)

O texto assinala que os estudos e pesquisas de Pierre Bourdieu apresenta uma clara identificação com a educação e com a análise educacional. Observa que no Brasil, até bem pouco tempo, a abordagem desse autor esteve associada com uma de suas obras A reprodução, sendo por isso transformado num pedagogo ou num filósofo educacional, cuja pedagogia devia ser rejeitada em nome de um humanismo otimista, que era justamente o que ele estava criticando. Mais recentemente, no entanto, verifica-se que Bourdieu passa (...) a ser considerado como um teórico social importante para a análise e para a própria teoria da educação. (shrink)

This study investigated how seventh-grade students rate their fear of, and disgust toward, amphibians in comparison to some other nonhuman animal species. For the purpose of evaluating these variables, a questionnaire with open-ended and self-report questions was used. The study found that direct experience of animals significantly affects students’ self-reported fear and disgust ratings. Boys generally reported less fear and disgust toward animals than girls. With regard to amphibians, students expressed relatively high disgust, but low fear. There were no differences (...) in disgust ratings between boys and girls. Also, a majority of students reported having no direct experience of amphibians, and their attitudes hovered between negative and neutral. Factor analysis placed amphibians in a category of disgust-relevant animals. The other two categories that emerged were interpreted as fear-relevant animals and companion animals. The study concluded that education should place greater importance on allowing students to experience a variety of different animal species directly in order to foster positive change in their feelings and attitudes toward them, and at the same time to build on their understanding of animals. (shrink)

Better memory, greater motivation and concentration lead to greater productivity, efficiency and performance, all of which are features that are highly valued in a modern society focused on productivity. In the effort for better cognitive abilities, otherwise healthy individuals use cognitive enhancers, medicines for the treatment of cognitive deficits of patients with various disorders and health problems, such as Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, stroke, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ageing. The use of these is more common in professions with emphasised cognitive (...) abilities, or in occupations that require more attention, focus and alertness. Their use is also associated with the general working population, in that they are supposed to use them to alleviate the effects of sleep deprivation and to cope with increasing workloads. In the paper, we are addressing the ethical issue and the dilemmas of the use of pharmaceutical enhancements by healthy people who have no medical reason for taking such substances, in the context of improving their cognitive functions. (shrink)

Formiranje prepričanja v Humovi filozofiji je glavna tema članka, ki izhaja iz temeljnega razlikovanja med naravno in nenaravno domišljijo v Humovem svetu Narave. Za razliko od vere prepričanje pri Humu prestopa meje zaznave v smeri skritih vzrokov, a vendar ostaja v okvirih izkustva in navade; naloga filozofije, ki je razpeta med skepticizem in vsakdanje življenje, je formiranje domišljije, na katero se opira vzročno sklepanje v prepričanjih. Formiranje domišljije se pri Humu neposredno izrazi v razmerju filozofije na eni strani in literature (...) ter zgodovinopisja na drugi, kot gaje mogoče zaznati v kratkem spisu A Dialogue in nadaljevanja tretjega poglavja Raziskovanja človeškega razuma. To obliko neposrednega formiranja domišljije, ki jo opredeljuje razmerje odkrite prevare, Hume dopolni z razmerjem prikrite prevare, ki subjektu formiranja hkrati omogoča distanco in onemogoča, da bi se prevare zavedal. (shrink)

We introduce Pura Vida Neutrosophic Algebra, an algebraic structure consisting of neutrosophic numbers equipped with two binary operations namely addition and multiplication. The addition can be calculated sometimes with the function min and other times with the max function. The multiplication operation is the usual sum between numbers. Pura Vida Neutrosophic Algebra is an extension of both Tropical Algebra (also known as Min-Plus, or Min-Algebra) and Max-Plus Algebra (also known as Max-algebra). Tropical and Max-Plus algebras are algebraic structures included in (...) semirings and their operations can be used in matrices and vectors. Pura Vida Neutrosophic Algebra is included in Neutrosophic semirings and can be used in Neutrosophic matrices and vectors. (shrink)

For much of its modern history, the notion of talent has been associated with the idea of ‘careers open to talent’. Its emancipatory promise of upward social mobility has radically transformed the distribution of advantaged social positions and has had a lasting influence on the very idea of social status itself. Nevertheless, unlike concepts traditionally associated with distributive justice, e.g. fairness, (in)equality, desert, equality of opportunity as well as justice itself, the notion of talent has received only limited examination. This (...) article discusses some of the most pressing problems and challenges arising out of a reductionist understanding of talents’ anatomy and a distorted characterization of their overall distributive value. In particular, it aims to address those issues revolving around talents’ anatomy existing conceptions of distributive justice leave either neglected or outrightly ignored. The introductory part outlines the basic egalitarian conception of equal opportunities and then proceed with the examination of fairness embedded in it. The central part of the paper identifies the key elements of talents’ anatomy. We then discuss some of the implications egalitarianism either leaves out of the discussion or neglects. In particular, we challenge the idea of moral arbitrariness as the key mechanism to discard talents as a form of unfair advantage in the process of competition for advantaged social positions. In the final part, we outline two fundamental problems that call into question the cogency of egalitarian conceptions of talent(s) as a form of unfair disadvantage. (shrink)

Este texto propõe uma crítica da tecnologia conforme abordada na narrativa pós-natureza do antropoceno. Para essa narrativa, também chamada de pós-ambientalismo, o antropoceno é o momento histórico em que fica clara a impossibilidade de uma noção idealizada da natureza, distinta da intervenção humana. Neste texto, argumenta-se que, embora tenha méritos no questionamento de aspectos cruciais do pensamento moderno, essa narrativa tem também problemas teórico-conceituais significativos derivados da centralidade atribuída à mediação técnica, que acaba convertendo-a em uma espécie de metafísica. A (...) exposição das teses da narrativa pós-natureza do antropoceno se dá a partir do diálogo com textos de ativistas do pós-ambientalismo, como Michael Shellenberger e Ted Nordhaus, e de pensadores que fornecem a essa corrente o fundamento teórico-conceitual, como Bruno Latour e Peter Sloterdijk. A crítica se ampara na argumentação dos filósofos contemporâneos Dieter Mersch e Andreas Luckner, que desdobram ideias já sinalizadas por Martin Heidegger e indicam caminhos para compreender os limites de perspectivas metafísicas sobre tecnologia. (shrink)

PurposeThe purpose of this paper selected by ICIL 2019 committee in Rome is to demonstrate the current importance of the internet in the protection of democracy in developting countries.Design/methodology/approachIt is intended to make a comparison with the growing and current phenomenon of Brazilian disinformation with other contemporary phenomena related to new technologies through literature review methodology.FindingsThe Brazilian elections in 2018 represent an authentic model in a post-Cambridge Analytical phase where the myth of the sanctity of data has been broken. The (...) big influence of the algorithmic revolution on democracies in Latin America has never been more evident. The misuse of algorithms created an artificial environment that does not put us in contact with different realities; the consequences of this conjuncture have the deepest impacts, especially in countries that rely on a deficient educational system.Social implicationsBesides that, the broad use of zero-rating on the internet delivery in developing countries is also considered a factor of fake news dissemination. The information bubbles promote political polarization to the detriment of diversity – and the diversity is par excellence one of the pillars of democracy.Originality/valueThe research about the impact that the phenomenon of disinformation has on underdeveloped countries, it is essential to analyze the new role of the legislator in the elaboration of hypercomplex laws with multi-stakeholder interests that respect the essential core of digital human rights as the freedom of expression online. (shrink)

In this paper we give a brief treatment of a theory of proofs for a system of Full Intuitionistic Linear Logic. This system is distinct from Classical Linear Logic, but unlike the standard Intuitionistic Linear Logic of Girard and Lafont includes the multiplicative disjunction par. This connective does have an entirely natural interpretation in a variety of categorical models of Intuitionistic Linear Logic. The main proof-theoretic problem arises from the observation of Schellinx that cut elimination fails outright for an intuitive (...) formulation of Full Intuitionistic Linear Logic; the nub of the problem is the interaction between par and linear implication. We present here a term assignment system which gives an interpretation of proofs as some kind of non-deterministic function. In this way we find a system which does enjoy cut elimination. The system is a direct result of an analysis of the categorical semantics, though we make an effort to present the system as if it were purely a proof-theoretic construction. (shrink)

In an unpublished note Reddy introduced an extended intuitionistic linear calculus, called LLMS (for Linear Logic Model of State), to model state manipulation via the notions of sequential composition and ‘regenerative values’. His calculus introduces the connective ‘before’ ▹ and an associated modality †, for the storage of objects sequentially reusable. Earlier and independently de Paiva introduced a (collection of) dialectica categorical models for (classical and intuitionistic) Linear Logic, the categories Dial2Set. These categories contain, apart from the structure needed (...) to model linear logic, an extra tensor product functor and an extra comonad structure corresponding to a modality related to the extra tensor product. It is surprising that these works arising from completely different motivations can be related in a meaningful way. In this article, following joint work with Corrêa and Haeusler, we first adapt Reddy's system LLMS providing a commutative version of the connective ‘before’ and its associated modality and then construct a dialectica category on Sets , which we show is a sound model for the modified version of Reddy's the system LLMSc. Moreover, following the work of Tucker, we provide another variant of the Dialectica categories with a non-commutative tensor and its associated modality, which models soundlyLLMS itself. We conclude with some speculation on future applications. (shrink)

Este trabalho propõe analisar a presença da religião em alguns espaços públicos educacionais. Por meio da metodologia da observação participante identificamos dois momentos que se articulam entre si: a influência da Escola sem Partido ao longo dos estágios docentes do curso de Ciências Sociais Licenciatura em Campos dos Goytacazes; e a presença de movimentos missionário cristãos, originários dos EUA, que visam influenciar a juventude estudantil evangélica a uma transformação social, nacional e mundial, no espaço universitário. Tais descrições nos traz questionamentos (...) sobre os desafios e perspectivas da formação docente nos voltando, novamente, para a discussão entre ciência, religião e política. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho nos traz muitas interrogações sobre algumas questões que perpassam a questão religiosa e são pertinentes ao debate educacional. Diante da organização e expressões de fé demarcados por discursos e ações de estudantes visamos trazer breves reflexões sobre o ensino de Sociologia no cotidiano escolar e despertar atenção para a presença de movimentos religiosos no espaço universitário. (shrink)

The main objective of this paper – resulting from an academic speech at UFG (Universidade Federal de Goiás) -is to outline the importance of Thomas Hobbes’ most known political work: Leviathan. Taking the figure of a big marine monster, quite in the same sense of the biblical metaphor used in the dialogue between God and Job to introduce the danger or the benefit of a big power controlled by men, Hobbes’s arguments terrorized the Church but helped in creating new ways (...) of thinking so to conceive the modern state. In the same movement, many other “demons” emerged to fight against religious power and also other forms of totalitarianism. Nevertheless, even shocking our conventional assumptions, Hobbes’ political work may be considered – among other liberal thinkers – a defense of individualism and many other aspects of civil order, which make him one of the most important contributor to modernity and also an essential source to think about our reality. (shrink)

The λσ-calculus adds explicit substitutions to the λ-calculus so as to provide a theoretical framework within which the implementation of functional programming languages can be studied. This paper generalises the λσ-calculus to provide a linear calculus of explicit substitutions, called xDILL, which analogously describes the implementation of linear functional programming languages.Our main observation is that there are non-trivial interactions between linearity and explicit substitutions and that xDILL is therefore best understood as a synthesis of its underlying logical structure and the (...) technology of explicit substitutions. This is in contrast to the λσ-calculus where the explicit substitutions are independent of the underlying logical structure. (shrink)

This article discusses a philosophical experience that occurred through observing and writing an account of a philosophy class with this question in mind: What can a literary work/reading evoke as an experience of thought in a philosophy class? We attempt to answer this by reflecting on how the act of literary reading can constitute a proponent bias to initiate an experience of thought, common thread of a dialogue that will drive the entire conversation. To this end, we dialogue and delineate (...) a parallel path, based on a comparison between the account of this experience in a municipal public school and the transformation/metamorphosis of a butterfly. We then seek to convey through poetic language a lightness, an invitation to fly, to enable us to leave the ground and inhabit the air that literally gives voice to a first grader, probably autistic, who had spent the last six months in regular classes, but who did not speak in public. We see experience as Larrosa does, as something that affects, that passes through, “this that happens to me,” while we adopt Kohan’s view of thinking in public schools as one of the mandatory paradoxes and primary purposes of education. In so doing, our goal is to present philosophy for/with children as a real possibility to enable leaving a cocoon, the bringing to fruition of a cycle of metamorphosis from childhood or from education itself in/to thought. This article thus argues in favor of the importance of philosophy in education, since it literally provides the opportunity to stimulate thought. (shrink)

this article seeks to approach the challenge of inventing oneself as a teacher through the eyes of childhood—a human dimension characterized by intensity, full of possibilities, connecting the movement of invention to the challenges encountered in day-to-day learning and teaching in school spaces. From that encounter with childhood, it is possible to create new perspectives and clues that can contribute to the development of eyes capable of seeing, "unraveling", "overturning" the world--in other words, seeing the world from several angles not (...) yet explored, with new childlike lenses. This approach is potent enough potent to bring to life educational activities that provoke the teacher, in the complex art of building or inventing themselves, and developing the capacity to preserve the creativity of children of all ages. This perspective enables the act of thinking to be experienced in infinite and unimaginable ways, not only enriching but also transforming the practices and knowledge that inhabit the time of searching—the time of becoming teacher, becoming learner, becoming school. This paper does not seek to provide answers to the challenges and concerns presented, but, it is intended to be a careful exercise of looking at the issues that directly or indirectly affect the journey of all who venture out and challenge themselves to build educational experiences committed to the transformation and creation of other ways of relating to childhood, with children, with school, in short, with the very invention of the self, as an art of traversing the paths along which one becomes an educatorinvention, childhood, teacher, philosophy. (shrink)

We investigate several fluctuation effects in high-energy hadronic and nuclear collisions through the analysis of different observables. To introduce fluctuations in the initial stage of collisions, we use the interacting gluon model (IGM) modified by the inclusion of the impact parameter. The inelasticity and leading-particle distributions follow directly from this model. The fluctuation effects on rapidity distributions are then studied using Landau's hydrodynamic model in one dimension. To investigage further the effects of the multiplicity fluctuation, we use the longitudinal phase-space (...) model, with the multiplicity distribution calculated within the hydrodynamic model, and the initial conditions given by the IGM. Forward-backward correlation is obtained in this way. (shrink)

O DIREITO À CIDADE NA PERSPECTIVA DO USO DO SOLO E DO EQUIPAMENTO SOCIAL.

This article discusses work on implementing emotional and cultural models into synthetic graphical characters. An architecture, FAtiMA, implemented first in the antibullying application FearNot! and then extended as FAtiMA-PSI in the cultural-sensitivity application ORIENT, is discussed. We discuss the modelling relationships between culture, social interaction, and cognitive appraisal. Integrating a lower level homeostatically based model is also considered as a means of handling some of the limitations of a purely symbolic approach. Evaluation to date is summarised and future directions discussed.

This thesis describes two classes of Dialectica categories. Chapter one introduces dialectica categories based on Goedel's Dialectica interpretation and shows that they constitute a model of Girard's Intuitionistic Linear Logic. Chapter two shows that, with extra assumptions, we can provide a comonad that interprets Girard's !-course modality. Chapter three presents the second class of Dialectica categories, a simplification suggested by Girard, that models (classical) Linear Logic and chapter four shows how to provide modalities ! and ? for this second class (...) of construction. (shrink)

A common misconception among logicians is to think that intuitionism is necessarily tied-up with single conclusion calculi. Single conclusion calculi can be used to model intuitionism and they are convenient, but by no means are they necessary. This has been shown by such influential textbook authors as Kleene, Takeuti and Dummett, to cite only three. If single conclusions are not necessary, how do we guarantee that only intuitionistic derivations are allowed? Traditionally one insists on restrictions on particular rules: implication right, (...) negation right and universal quantification right are required to be single conclusion rules. In this note we show that instead of a cardinality restriction such as one-conclusion-only, we can use a notion of dependency between formulae to enforce the constructive character of derivations. The system we obtain, called FIL for full intuitionistic logic, satisfies basic properties such as soundness, completeness and cut elimination. We present two motivating applications of FIL and discuss some future work. (shrink)

Despite readily available facts and figures regarding human-caused natural degradation, a large portion of the public still refuses to believe that the environment is suffering because of our actions. This refusal to believe, paired with a lack of environmental motivation, has become so evident that it recently attracted the attention of scientists and psychologists attempting to account for it from various perspectives. The disbelief in, for instance, climate change, is hard to explain without referring to a mechanism best described as (...) “environmental denial”. Analysis shows that people may be prone to deny anthropogenic environmental damage because their personal identity, as well as the quest for meaning in their lives, depends upon a consumerist modus vivendi. Consciously or unconsciously faced with the dilemma of either accepting that this lifestyle endangers the life of the planet , and thus accepting its consequences and the responsibility for change, or refusing to believe that the environmental degradation is occurring in the first place, they choose the latter option. This choice is also motivated by the lack of sound alternatives around which new, “greener” identities could be built. Thus any attempt at changing public opinion regarding anthropogenic environmental degradation, as well as any strategy that advocates putting an abrupt end to our environmentally damaging practices, is not likely to be successful if it neglects to provide new footing for identity building.Allen bereitwillig verfügbaren Tatsachen und Zahlen hinsichtlich der menschenbedingten Naturgefährdung zum Trotz verschließt sich weiterhin ein Großteil der Öffentlichkeit der Gewissheit, dass die Umwelt unter unserem Vorgehen zu leiden bekommt. Diese Einsichtsablehnung, gepaart mit dem umweltlichen Motivationsmangel, wurde derart offenkundig, dass sie das Augenmerk der Wissenschaftler und Psychologen auf sich gerichtet hat, die bemüht waren, sie aus diversen Blickwinkeln auszudeuten. Beispielshalber lässt sich der Unglaube an dem Klimawandel nur mühsam darlegen ohne Berufung auf den Mechanismus, der aufs Beste als „ökologische Leugnung“ bezeichnet wurde. Die Analyse deutet darauf hin, die Menschen seien geneigt, anthropogene Umweltschäden zu bestreiten, weil deren persönliche Identitäten samt ihrer Suche nach dem Sinn des Lebens auf den konsumorientierten Modus Vivendi angewiesen sind. Bewusst oder unbewusst dem Dilemma gegenübergestellt – entweder einzuräumen, ein derartiger Lebensstil setze das Dasein auf dem Planeten aufs Spiel und daher dessen Konsequenzen bzw. die Verantwortlichkeit für den Umbruch zu akzeptieren, oder dagegen den Ablauf des Umweltniedergangs generell zu verneinen – entscheiden sie sich für die letztere Option. Eine solche Wahl ist desgleichen angeregt durch Knappheit an soliden Alternativen, um die frische, „grünere“ Identitäten aufgebaut werden können. Jedwedes Vorhaben, die öffentliche Meinung in puncto anthropogener Umweltbelastung zu beeinflussen, als auch jegliche Strategie, ein abruptes Ende der umweltschädlichen Verfahrensweisen zu befürworten, dürfte infolgedessen einen Misserfolg erleben, wenn sie es verfehlen sollte, neuen Boden für die Identitätserschaffung vorzubereiten. (shrink)

Der Verfasser betrachtet die Frage der Globalisierung im Kontext der Philosophie und schwenkt in etwas unerwarteter Richtung ab: Gegenstand seiner Untersuchungen sind nicht Bedeutung und Folgen des als „global“ bezeichneten Prozesses, sondern die Art und Weise, in der die Globalisierung die philosophisch-theoretische und literarische Produktion beeinflusst. Anstatt also umgehend „die Globalisierung zu reflektieren“, möchte der Verfasser zeigen, „was die Globalisierung dem Denken angetan hat“. Um sein Bestreben zu veranschaulichen, verweist er auf Afrika, Lateinamerika und Indien, drei Hauptbereiche, die es zu (...) untersuchen gelte, da es sich um repräsentative Regionen der sog. „Dritten Welt“ oder des „globalen Südens“ handle. Der von P. Hountondji übernommene Grundgedanke lautet, dass die philosophische und übrige fachliterarische Produktion der Wirtschaftsproduktion nacheifere; a fortiori stellten sie ein und denselben Prozess dar, was anhand zahlreicher Beispiele veranschaulicht wird. Des Weiteren soll gezeigt werden, dass trotz großer Unterschiede in den hermeneutischen Positionen, trotz der großen geografischen Entfernungen und sukzessiven Traditionen die gesamte philosophische und literarische Produktion der „Dritten Welt“ ein ähnliches Schicksal erlebt. Dies kann nach Ansicht des Autors eine Folge ihrer strukturalen Positionierung innerhalb des zeitgenössischen „Weltsystems“ sein. Autoren aus „peripheren“ Bereichen der philosophisch-theoretischen Produktion sehen sich nicht nur ähnlichen Problemen gegenübergestellt, sondern teilen, wie im Text nachzulesen ist, ähnliche Gedanken darüber, was getan werden kann, um das Ungleichgewicht zwischen den Kulturen und die asymmetrische Position ihrer eigenen Kulturen zu minimieren und abzuschaffen. (shrink)

When tackling with the issue of globalization in the context of philosophy, this article takes somewhat different route than expected: it doesn’t ponder upon the meaning and the consequences of the processes we call ‘global’, but instead tries to find out how philosophy, theoretical and literary production themselves have been affected by globalization. Instead of an attempt to immediately “think the globalization” it tries to show what “globalization has done to thinking”. In order to illustrate this point three main areas (...) to be explored are taken into account: Africa, Latin America and India. They are chosen on the basis of being representative regions of the so-called “Third-World” or “Global South”. Main idea, taken from the arguments of P. Hountondji is that philosophical and theoretical productions mimic economic one; a fortiori: they are actually the same process. This point is illustrated in a number of cases. Further, the paper tries to show that, in spite of huge differences in hermeneutical outlooks, geographical distance and successive traditions, all “Third-World” philosophical/literary production faces similar fate, what could be a consequence of its structural positioning in a contemporary “World-System”. However, the authors who come from “peripheral” areas of theoretical production don’t only face similar problems but, as shown, also share similar ideas of what could be done in order to minimize and level out the imbalance and asymmetrical position of their cultures. (shrink)

Razmatrajući pitanje globalizacije u kontekstu filozofije, tekst kreće u pomalo neočekivanom pravcu: ne promišlja o značenju i posljedicama procesa kojeg nazivamo ‘globalnim’ nego umjesto toga nastoji istražiti kakav je utjecaj globalizacije na filozofiju te teorijsku i literarnu produkciju. Umjesto pokušaja da odmah »misli globalizaciju«, tekst nastoji pokazati »što je globalizacija učinila mišljenju«. Za ilustraciju toga nastojanja uzet će se u obzir tri glavna područja koja treba istražiti: Afrika, Latinska Amerika i Indija. Ta su područja izabrana jer predstavljaju reprezentativne regije tzv. (...) »Trećeg svijeta« ili »Globalnog Juga«. Osnovna ideja, preuzeta od P. Hountondijija, jest da filozofska i teorijska produkcija oponašaju onu ekonomsku, a fortiori, zapravo predstavljaju isti proces, što je prikazano na mnoštvu primjera. Nadalje, tekst nastoji pokazati da se usprkos velikim razlikama u hermeneutičkim gledištima, geografskoj udaljenosti i sukcesivnoj tradiciji, cijela filozofska/literarna produkcija »Trećeg svijeta« suočava sa sličnom sudbinom, što može biti posljedicom njena strukturalnog pozicioniranja u suvremenom »sustavu svijeta«. Autori koji dolaze iz »perifernih« područja teorijske produkcije ne suočavaju se samo sa sličnim problemima, nego, kako je u tekstu pokazano, također dijele slične ideje o tome što se može učiniti kako bi se minimalizirala i izjednačila neravnoteža i asimetrična pozicija njihovih kultura. (shrink)

Alors qu’il examine la question de la mondialisation dans le contexte de la philosophie, le texte prend une direction quelque peu inattendue : au lieu de réfléchir sur la signification et les conséquences du processus dit « global », il tente d’établir comment la philosophie ainsi que la production théorique et littéraire sont à leur tour affectés par la mondialisation. Au lieu de « penser la mondialisation » d’emblée, le texte tente de montrer ce que « la mondialisation a eu (...) comme effet sur la pensée ». Afin d’illustrer cet effort, trois régions seront prises en compte : l’Afrique, l’Amérique Latine et l’Inde. Ces régions ont été choisies car elles sont représentatives du « Tiers monde » ou des « Pays du Sud ». L’idée principale, inspirée par P. Hountondji, est que les productions théoriques et philosophiques imitent la production économique ; a fortiori : elles représentent le seul et même processus. Ce point est illustré par de nombreux cas. Ensuite, le texte tente de montrer que, malgré les différences importantes des approches herméneutiques, de la distance géographique et des traditions successives, toute la production philosophique et littéraire du « Tiers monde » fait face au même destin, ce qui pourrait être une conséquence de son positionnement structurel dans le « système mondial » contemporain. Cependant, les auteurs issus des champs « périphériques » de la production théorique ne sont pas seulement confrontés à des problèmes similaires ; ils partagent en outre des idées similaires concernant ce qui peut être fait pour minimiser la position asymétrique de leurs cultures et rétablir l’équilibre. (shrink)

The first aim of this note is to describe an algebraic structure, more primitive than lattices and quantales, which corresponds to the intuitionistic flavour of Linear Logic we prefer. This part of the note is a total trivialisation of ideas from category theory and we play with a toy-structure a not distant cousin of a toy-language. The second goal of the note is to show a generic categorical construction, which builds models for Linear Logic, similar to categorical models GC of (...) [deP1990], but more general. The ultimate aim is to relate different categorical models of linear logic. (shrink)

In this paper we consider an intuitionistic variant of the modal logic S4 (which we call IS4). The novelty of this paper is that we place particular importance on the natural deduction formulation of IS4— our formulation has several important metatheoretic properties. In addition, we study models of IS4— not in the framework of Kirpke semantics, but in the more general framework of category theory. This allows not only a more abstract definition of a whole class of models but also (...) a means of modelling proofs as well as provability. (shrink)

By referring to H. Bergson's theory about the evolutionary process, this article reflects on the antinomic character of the two fundamental tendencies of the vital movement, which are pure time and materiality. Starting from the importance of the image in this philosophy, it focuses on the Bergsonian ontology, questioning the notion of vital elan and how matter comes and the real-time is inscribed in it. By highlighting the ambiguity of the role played by materiality in the tensioning of vital forces, (...) the discussion explains that the original impulse establishes its antipode. Thus, it reveals the dramatic character that permeates the movement intrinsic to the history of life, in which effort and struggle are correlated to the limits of the impulse that moves it - and inevitable questions for the creative act that defines it. (shrink)

We respond to two themes in the comments by Bainbridge, Gratch, and Nishida: first, the importance of embodiment, and second the issue of what should be explicitly modelled as against what should be dynamically generated. Finally, we briefly respond to the ethical questions raised by Bainbridge.

Linguistic Issues in Language Technology (LiLT) is an open-access journal that focuses on the relationships between linguistic insights and language technology. In conjunction with machine learning and statistical techniques, deeper and more sophisticated models of language and speech are needed to make significant progress in both existing and newly emerging areas of computational language analysis. The vast quantity of electronically accessible natural language data (text and speech, annotated and unannotated, formal and informal) provides unprecedented opportunities for data-intensive analysis of linguistic (...) phenomena, which can in turn enrich computational methods. Taking an eclectic view on methodology, LiLT provides a forum for this work. In this volume, contributors offer new perspectives on semantic representations for textual inference. (shrink)